Evolution of Private Security - 1258 Words

Running Head: Evolution of Private Security Evolution of Private Security Zachary Cuonzo Kaplan University CJ210-04 Professor Preston March 16, 2011 The end of the Second World War saw an increase in the awareness of individual rights such as the right to be protected from harm at all costs. Though the demand for private security arose in ancient times, the Second World War heightened its demand and saw the evolution of private security practice boom into a multibillion industry all over the world. The war made the people wary of sabotage and espionage which as the order of the day making the need for security high. The demand for private security was especially high at the war production plants, with each claiming to be†¦show more content†¦The criticality principle defines the impact of loss in terms of dollars and it entails the direct and indirect costs. If a company executive uses the cost benefit analysis approach to justify the investment in security, it is likely that the cost of security will be greater than the benefit of protection against potential risk. Most company executive fail to take into consideration the overall costs involved in a security breach. Using the criticality principle, other costs such as replacement, including the temporary replacement costs, must be accounted for. Downtime is the cost of the inability to function as a result of the loss. Insurance costs are also likely to go higher if the loses are on the rise. The loss of the position of the company in the marketplace is very difficult to regain once it has been lost. This is due to the failure to deliver the demanded product to the consumers, who is likely to look for an alternative. These are some of the important factors that highlight the importance of security in the reduction of costs that are incurred as a result of loss. It is possible to merit and quantify security risks using data obtained from the criticality and probability principles and the creation of a vulnerability matrix (Robert and Gion 1998). The issue of insecurity is very sensitive and is close to the hearts of all Americans. T his has prompted more and more individuals to seek the services of alarm companies andShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Private Security1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of Private Security One of the most important components of the security and safety of individuals and the society in general is the private security industry. This industry has constantly evolved since its inception to an extent that it is currently responsible for safeguarding most of the country’s institutions and the critical infrastructure systems. Moreover, this industry also caters for protection of sensitive corporate information and intellectual property (Strom et. al.,Read MoreEvolution of Private Security1704 Words   |  7 PagesHow private security has evolved, from its roots in Feudalism to its current state, and include supporting explanation. Security has always been a constant preoccupation of human being. During times following the fall of the Roman Empire, there were no longer authorities to maintain order and security problems begin to arise. Governments could no longer ensure the security of the population and people began to organize their own security. That is the feudalism. Feudal society was based essentiallyRead MoreThe Tension Between National Security And Individual Privacy1213 Words   |  5 PagesThe Situation The tension between national security and individual privacy has long existed even before the development of digitized information. Recently, two main forces have advanced the debate over this balance to the forefront of the public eye: 1) the proliferation of data by private sector companies and 2) the heightened need for homeland security and public defense. With the rapid evolution of technology, companies have aggregated pools of consumer data to improve upon internal decision makingRead MoreCorporate Disclosure and Financial Statements: a Brief History1706 Words   |  7 Pagesbrief history While the history of private enterprise is thousands of years old, a relevant launchpad to understand the modern corporation, and its associated concepts of limited liability and disclosure etc. can be with the corporations of the 17th century. Understanding the evolution of financial statements and disclosure in the private sector is critical to seeing the remarkable similarity between the evolution of â€Å"Right to Information† issues in the private sector and the current debates on theRead MoreThe Great Technological Evolution And Emergence Of Social Media1573 Words   |  7 Pagesprivacy rights. The Patriot Act was hastily passed just a month later in October 2001 and it severely limited the privacy of Americans and gave unprecedented power to the government and private agencies to track innocent Americans, turning regular citizens into suspects.5 In addition, the great technological evolution and emergence of social media that occurred round the same time, and shortly thereafter, created the perfect storm for the emergence of the largely unregulated surveillance society thatRead MoreComparison Of Healthcare Systems: United States Of America1373 Words   |  6 Pagesexpected to pay all health-related costs, in full, which is still known as the â€Å"fee-for-service† model today. Universal â€Å"government provided† healthcare was originally part of the Social Security act, which passed in 1935, under Franklin D. Roosevelt. However, he struck universal healthcare from the Social Security act due to fierce opposition. The National Association of Manufacturers Committee on Industrial Betterment reported â€Å"favorably on the proposal in 1916, but in mid-1917, the same committeeRead MoreThe Cloud Of Cloud Computing1673 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Literature Cloud Computing Definition The topic of the cloud computing industry and security is broad with far reaching intricacies. Therefore, to narrow the subject, the definition of cloud computing as defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (NIST Special Publication 800-145, 2011) will be used as the foundation for this study. The NIST adopted the (Mell Grance, 2010) cloud computing definition in 2011. (Mell Grance, (2010)) defined cloud computingRead MoreComputer Attacks And Its Impact On The Security1466 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction With the rising evolution of businesses, the evolution of business and institution data security has also evolved exceptionally. Various data security methods have been devised to ensure that vulnerability is mitigated but at the same time cyber criminals such as hackers have also evolved their data hacking methods as they look for the least weaknesses in a company and exploit it. The essay looks into various trends that have emerged in ensuring that data is safe by institution, theRead MoreThe Deployment Of Cloud Technology1020 Words   |  5 Pagesdeployment of cloud technology within our organization provides a lot of advantages, however, at the same time, it also greatly increases cybersecurity risks that should be carefully considered before an educated and ethical decision can be reached. Security is the number one concern and priority when migrating to a cloud environment. First order of business is who or how we are going to house it. Choosing a hosting vendor is a crucial decision that, if chosen incorrectly, could make our data easilyRead MoreSaul Hernandez. Com 101 Section 1018. Speech 1 Outline.1185 Words   |  5 Pagesinform my audience about the evolution and opposing views on illegal immigration. Thesis: Illegal immigration is a controversial topic that many people do not understand. Illegal immigration has a lot history and has evolved into two different sides: for and against. Introduction I. Attention Getter: According to The Department of Homeland Security, there are 11.4 million unauthorized immigrants living in the United States in 2011. (The Department of Homeland Security, 2012) II. Thesis: Illegal

The Counter Terrorism Law - 1179 Words

Counter terrorism Law No one can deny that the word terrorism is hated to be heard. Terrorism is commonly known as any action referring to violence against innocent citizens or causing damages to a public or private property for political purposes. According to Maria Keet, (Senior Lecturer with the Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town) Terrorism is resulted due to plenty of causes that made such a phenomenon be a public concern. Separatism is probably the main reason of arising of terrorism. The conflict between people is due to nationalism and racism issues. This conflict arises with the existence of inequality, racism and political opportunities. Other reason of arising of terrorism is poverty and social inequality. Some statistics proved that 15% of the population consumes 85% of the resources all over the world which made the other 85% of population fight for these resources by any means. Last but not the least; Religion is one of the causes of terrorism especially in Egypt. Terrori sm became widely spread in the Egyptian streets after the 30th June revolution in 2013. After the sacking of the former president, who belonged to a religious organization, his supporters decided to spread terrorism all-over the country until the former president gets back to his position as a president of Arab Republic of Egypt. Since then, this terroristic organization performs a terroristic operation which had many impacts on Egypt and Egyptians. Since June 2013,Show MoreRelatedCounter Terrorism Laws And Human Rights5263 Words   |  22 Pages COUNTER TERRORISM LAWS AND HUMAN RIGHTS The moral rule is not when one is about to kill you, pre-empt him and kill him first, but rather when one is about to kill you, do everything necessary in order to thwart his intention. Accordingly, if there is no alternative to killing him, strike first. If there is an alternative other than killing him, thwart his intention without striking first, without killing him. I Introduction Human rights and national security are at times perceived to be atRead MoreTerrorism During The Vietnam War826 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the last couple decades, terrorism has become a prominent issue. With the emergence of major terrorist groups stirring up trouble, such as in the Middle East, many people live in fear of these emerging threats. Throughout Vietnam’s long history, there have been many cases of terrorism. During the Vietnam War, the US and other western nations committed many atrocious acts of terror against the Vietnamese population. In 1968, one of the worst acts of terrorism, the My Lai Massacre, occurred inRead MoreCanada’S Counter-Terrorism Strategy Is Failing. From The919 Words   |  4 Pages Canada’s counter-terrorism strategy is failing. From the 2014 attack on Parliament hill to the January massacre at the Quebec city mosque, it is clear that terrorism is an imminent threat, both to Canada and to the world. Backlash against Western culture provides ammunition to extremist Islamic groups globally, which is only exacerbated by the West’s disproportionate military responses to legitimate and perceived threats through drone strikes or other military operations. Anger towards domesticRead MoreTerrorism : A Global Issue Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesAngela Brown Professor Miller English 112 13 Sept 2015 Terrorism Many of us will embrace our loved ones before leaving our homes to start a hectic workday. As we hug our children and kiss our spouses goodbye, the thought of losing them, or our lives to acts of terrorism, is typically not one to cross our minds. On September 11, 2001, this mere thought became the reality for many families. The eleventh of September will forever be remembered as the date a terrorist organization, known as al-QaedaRead More Challenges for US Counter-terrorism Efforts Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesChallenges for US Counter-terrorism Efforts    As a direct consequence of September 11, a number of substantial challenges lie ahead in the area of counter-terrorism..  Ã‚   The most prominent of these is the changing nature of the terrorism phenomenon.   In past years, when terrorism was largely the product of direct state sponsorship, policymakers were able to diminish prospects for the United States becoming a target using a combination of diplomatic and military instruments to deter potentialRead MoreA Brief Note On Boko Haram And The Fulani Militants1533 Words   |  7 Pageswith an attempt to cause mass casualties. However in late December 2013, an anarchist organisation in Greece intended to carry out a CBRN scenario involving food poisoning. In 2014 there was a significant increase in private citizens as victims of terrorism. These attacks were mainly carried out by three groups: Boko Haram, Fulani militants and ISIL. All groups use different tactics. Boko Haram and the Fulani militants mainly use automatic weapons and have very high levels of fatalities per attack,Read MoreDomestic Terrorism : A National Assessment Of State And Local Preparedness Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesHoffman published their study Domestic Terrorism: A National Assessment of State and Local Preparedness to examine the issues and problems state and local law enforcement agencies faced while dealing with the threat of terrorism in the United States. More specifically, researchers sought to identify how agencies at those two different levels perceived the terrorist threat in the United States, as well as learning how those agencies manage the threat of terrorism and plan and organize their responseRead MoreTerrorism And The Social Media1719 Words   |  7 Pages Terrorism and the use of social media to further its objective is a major concern affecting the world today. With the growing threat of terrorism, studying its operational techniques help to determine how and why terror groups are succeeding. Understanding the impact that terror groups have on marginalized populations through propaganda and a manipulation of facts will help in developing a greater understanding of terror group’s ability to mount successful campaigns globally. Given the threat thatRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center1562 Words   |  7 Pagesand government don’t address them until they carried out an attack on our citizens or government own properties. Extreme right are harder to detect by law enforcement because most of their attacks are carried out by two individuals or 1 person, making attacks unpredictable. When two or one individuals plan an act of terrorism is less likely to alert law enforcement, compare to when a whol e terrorist cell plans an attack, because the more people involved the less secretive the attack. Furthermore extremeRead MoreTerrorism Is A Global Issue1462 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism is a global issue that has been a problem for many for centuries. Many agree that there is not just one clear definition of the word. The Dictionary.com definition of terrorism is, â€Å"The use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes.† This definition is incomplete. It doesn’t tell you that the act of terrorism is wrong or does it describe who can be affected by it. The FBI’s definition seems to be a better description. They define it as, â€Å"Terrorism

Females have come a long way since the early 1920s Essay Example For Students

Females have come a long way since the early 1920s Essay . They have slowly began to take a different approach to the male outlook of themselves. Many women today have found inner beauty as another boost of self confidence. However, in the early nineteen Sadly, men has had a tremendous amount of persuasion to contribute to this fact. As long as a woman had a pretty face, she would have a man to take care of her. This did little for real communication. I once read a literary about a woman named Gladys Bell. One of the first feminist of the century. She began her journey as many women did and still do, as a woman only having goals emphasized on her mate. First, as a young lady trying to be justifyably partriarchal amoung certain social orders, such as a famous quote Beauty but no brains. The goals main objective was marriage before a person reached her twenties and right after education stopped. This playing an important role in constructivismto borrow a generally recognizable label for convenience sake. (Richard A. Rogers, Constructivism, Feminism and Nature: Does Language Have to In-Form?) It was convenient for a woman to have no education, but be attractive and get married at a young age. A man to take care of their needs, but did they really? With that question, I bring about the topic of feminism. Were women totally unparalell then with todays working woman? A question often asked, but never really dissolved. My point in tact would be women were basically the same emotionally, but had a greater demand to be socially and politically correct. In doing so, men were predominant with their wives. The goal of the female then being fulfilled and socially constituted with means of constructivism. Gladys Bell brought about many questions of her time and somewhat enabled subjugation of oppressed groups of women, feminists. In the traditional train of thought, feminism doesnt mean Girl Power, if you will. Feminism is the female right to move freely throughout mankind and be in control of their thinking and actions. Free will, as some may want to execute. Women were rarely permitted to speak without being asked a question in public. Now, in 1998, we have women in the Supreme Court. As I heard in Biology one night, men would marry a woman just to produce a son. Not for romantic love, a harsh reality to face that our gender was looked on in such a manor. (Donna Haraways words,) It is barely admissable recognition of the odd sorts of agents and actors which/whom we must admit to the narrative of collective life, including nature, that simultaneously, first, turns us decisively away from enlightment-derived modern and post modern premises about nature and culture.. .and, second, saves us from the deadly point of view of humanism, come down to the story line that man makes everything, including himself, out of the world that can only be resource and potency to his project and active agency. This production is about a man the tool-maker and -user, whose highest technical production is himself; i.e., the story line of phallogocentrism. (297) (Richard A. Rogers) More recently women have began to utilize the fact that they have just as much right and we are gaining power. Gladys Bell questioned if there was ever real love in her marriage. Many would argue that A successful marriage requires falling in love many times, always with the same person. (Mignon McLaughlin) All these points trace back to the misconception that women are only here for the main purpose to acquire to a males needs, but is it a double-standard? I mean some think men should be labeled to .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a , .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a .postImageUrl , .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a , .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a:hover , .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a:visited , .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a:active { border:0!important; } .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a:active , .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf5b7c548bfce94c15be6b1a93bf3c67a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Freedom of speech is granted to United States citi Essayhave the same purpose. But they are not, even today. Communication between the two genders has slowly begun to open up, causing more understanding among the population. The recent movement of women caused somewhat of an uproar among the male population. Being more dissolved now, men most men are open with the movement, therefore causing more of a communication outburst. .

The Consumer Laws in Australian

Questions: Paddy Periwinkle owns a prawn trawler, and has a licence to catch prawns which he obtained through the government department NT Fisheries. He pays his licence fee yearly, and was therefore allowed to catch prawns up to a specific quota. Paddy then sells the prawns to retailers throughout the Northern Territory and some to the southern fish-markets.In 2015 a new crew-member joined: Ashely Adams. Ashley was an experienced fisherman and deckhand, as he has been working in the industry for 30 years. He was always looking to make a quick buck.Ashley told Paddy that, as part of their by-catch (the marine-life caught in the nets by accident), if they caught any dugongs he had a friend he could sell them to. Ashley said he could sell one for $1,000, and he would give Paddy $400. Paddy knew dugongs were a protected species, but given that they would be dead by the time they were pulled up in the nets, he decided to make the deal. 5 dugongs were pulled up in a 3-week period. While at sea, the main freezer on the trawler started malfunctioning, compromising all the frozen prawns. Paddy took the trawler back to the coastal town of Nhulunbuy, and sold the prawns he had. Ashley took the 5 dugongs away, and then Paddy had a mechanic look at the freezer. Billy Bob (the mechanic) said it was the compressor, and the trawler needed a new one. Paddy bought a new compressor ($2,000) and had it installed ($1,500), and re-gassed ($1,500). He was in port for a week, losing approximately $10,000 in profit. A week later at sea, the freezer malfunctioned again, so Paddy returned.Paddy got Arthur, a new mechanic, to look at it more closely. It was not the compressor, but a faulty valve that was letting the gas escape. The repair cost was $200. In two hours they were back at sea, and the freezer is working perfectly.1. Can Paddy make a claim against Billy Bob for his monetary losses? Explain why or why not, referring to the cause of action and what the outcome is likely to be.2. Ashley gav e Paddy $1,000 for his share in the illegal dugong sales. Paddys maths tells him he was owed $2,000. Can Paddy make a claim against Ashley? Explain why or why not, referring to the cause of action and what the outcome is likely to be. Answers: 1. The consumer laws in Australian are dealt in accordance with the Australian Consumer laws that are governed by the Australian Commission and Consumer Commission (Turner and Trone, 2013). The given case is related to the repair made by the mechanic Billy Bob of the prawn trawler that belonged to Paddy Periwinkle. Before an analysis of the case it is necessary to examine in details the consumer laws in Australia relating to repairs, replacements and refunds. In accordance to the Australian Consumer Laws, every customer has the right to ask for any repairs, or any replacement or any kinds of refunds based on the consumer law guarantees for any products or any services that is bought on or later than 1st January 2011 (Carter, 2012). The law further states that with regard to the repairs there are two types of problems that is generally dealt with under the Australian Consumer laws (Turner and Trone, 2013). With regard to any product the problem faced by the consumer might be either a major problem or a minor problem. In case of ay minor problem with respect to any product or for that matter any services rendered, the business or the service provider shall provide the consumer with a free repair in place of any replacement or any refund. In the alternate case, where the problem is a major one regarding any product, the consumer has been given the right under the consumer laws to ask for a replacement or any refund (Carter, 2012). The consumer has the right to choose to receive any compensation for the reduction in value which is less than the price that has been paid or can opt for refund. Further under the Australian Contract laws, section 18 of the Australian Consumer Law states that in trade or commerce, no person shall mislead or intend to mislead or deceive another person (Gooley, Radan and Vickovich, 2007). This section relating to misleading conduct is different from misrepresentation under the common law in the area that misleading conduct includes most of the commercial activities and not only contracts and also has a range of remedies available that ranges from damages, contractual avoidance or variation. Hence in any commercial practice in Australia if there is any person who misleads another person that results in the suffering of loss by such person then compensation or damages can be claimed from him (Carter, 2012). In the given case, the facts state that Paddy Periwinkle, the owner of the prawn trawler, had some technical issues with the prawn trawler. When he took the trawler to the mechanic, Billy Bob, he stated that the compressor had to be changed. As a result of this suggestion from the mechanic, Paddy had the compressor changed, installed and re-gassed. The entire session cost him $5000. Since due to this reason he was unable to go to the port to catch prawns and he lost approximately $10,000 in profit. After the trawler was taken to the port, the freezer malfunctioned again and he had to bring in a new mechanic for repair. The new mechanic informed that the problem was not with the compressor but with a faulty valve. The repair took only two hours and the cost was approximately $200. This made the fact clear that the service advice that was given to Paddy by mechanic Billy Bob was totally irrelevant. Applying the provision of Australian Consumer laws in the given case, firstly it needs to be stated that by giving misleading advice to Paddy Billy Bob is liable in accordance with section 18 of the Australian Consumer laws (Australian contract law.com, 2015). The prawn trawler could have been repaired by simply repairing the faulty valve which led to the escape of the gas. But instead of advising the owner of the trawler to repair the valve, the first mechanic suggested the owner to change the compressor (Carter, 2006). As a result of this advice the owner was forced to purchase another compressor, install it and re-gas it. This led to the owner losing a huge amount of money and also did not actually repair the trawler. This is a case of misleading conduct and the mechanic Billy Bob is liable to compensate the owner due to the loss suffered by him. Further even according to the consumer laws, for any faulty repair the service provider is liable under the law to compensate for the loss suffered by the consumer. In accordance to the rules the consumer has the right to get refund from the service provider. Applying the rules to the given case the mechanic Billy Bob is liable even under the consumer laws to pay compensation (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2015). As concluding remarks, it can be stated that Paddy is entitled to receive monetary compensation from mechanic, Billy Bob, for the loss suffered by him as a result of the wrong or misleading advice relating to the trawler. The cause of action in this case would be firstly the right of consumers to demand refund or compensation for any faulty service provided. The compensation that is to be provided by Billy Bob will include the cost of the compressor, the installation charges, the charges for re-gas and will also include the losses suffered by him for not being able to go to the port for catching fish. This is because the loss was suffered primarily due to the fault of the mechanic. Hence Paddy can claim for a refund from Billy Bob for monetary compensation. 2. The issue in the given case is whether Paddy would be entitled to get compensation from Ashley for the sale of dugongs. In accordance to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, additional protection is given to the turtles and dugongs which are considered to be a threatened migratory or marine species. There exist financial penalties for the offense of killing or harming any turtle or dugong and other various offenses and also welcomes civil penalty provisions. Another legislation that protects dugongs is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 provides that there is additional protection for the protected species under the GBRMP Act (Parsons and Bauer, 2012). Recent amendments were made to the Act and the GBRMP Act according to which additional protection should be provided to the dugong and turtle populations from the existing threats of illegal trade, poaching or illegal transformation (Parsons and Bauer, 2012). The financial penalties for various offenses and civil penalty has been given under the amendment provisions dealing with the dugongs and turtles. As a result of these amendments people will deter from committing offenses such as illegal trade or civil penalty breach that results from illegal killings, taking or injuring or trading or keeping or moving of turtles or dugongs (Parsons and Bauer, 2012). In the given case, the owner of the prawn trawler Paddy Periwinkle had agreed with Ashley Adams, another fisherman to enter into an oral contract for the sale of dugongs. Paddy Periwinkle was aware of the fact that dugongs were a protected species and sale of dugongs were illegal in the country. As has been given above the trade of dugongs is illegal under the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 and Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Paddy still went ahead with the trade of dugongs. According to the contract laws in Australia any contract in relation to any criminal conduct or such conduct that is prohibited by the statute or any conduct that is contrary to the public policies shall be considered as unenforceable (Turner and Trone, 2013). In most cases it is easy to determine whether a contract is an illegal contract r not and whether it will be rendered void or not. Under the common law there is a huge range of laws that encompasses contracts that are illegal or contrary to public policy. This includes a wide range of conducts such as contracts that are harmful to the administration of justice, contracts which encourage corruption in public places, contracts that are restraining marriage status or sexual immorality or contracts that restrain trade. Hence the Australian contract does not enforce any such contract which is illegal or is contrary to public policy. Sometimes contracts can be made enforceable by removing the offending term from the contract. With regard to the given case, since the trade of dugongs were prohibited by the statutory laws of the country. As a result the contract between Paddy and Ashley cannot be enforced in a court of law. The said contract is void ab initio (Australian contract law.com, 2015). Hence, Paddy cannot claim for any compensation from Ashley as a result of the breach of the contract since it is unenforceable. Bibliography Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, (2015).Repair, replace, refund. [online] Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/consumers/consumer-rights-guarantees/repair-replace-refund [Accessed 9 Feb. 2015]. Australiancontractlaw.com, (2015).Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. [online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/avoidance-misleading.html [Accessed 9 Feb. 2015]. Carter, J. (2006).Carter's guide to Australian contract law. Chatswood, NSW: LexisNexis. Carter, J. (2012).Contract Law in Australia. Chatswood, A: Lexisnexis Orders/service. Gooley, J., Radan, P. and Vickovich, I. (2007).Principles of Australian contract law. Chatswood, NSW: LexisNexis Butterworths. Parsons, E. and Bauer, A. (2012).An introduction to marine mammal biology and conservation. Burlington, Mass.: Jones Bartlett Learning. Turner, C. and Trone, J. (2013).Australian commercial law. Sydney: Lawbook Co.